Chelsea Star Terry out for upto two months after the last night defeat match with Arsenal

Arsenal defeated Chelsea for the first time since February 2004 to reclaim top spot in the Premier League.

Manchester United had moved above them earlier in the day but William Gallas's header after Petr Cech failed to collect a corner ensured a Gunners win.

Shaun Wright-Phillips should have equalised but missed from six yards, while Manuel Almunia saved an Andriy Shevchenko free-kick in injury time.

Robin van Persie missed from 14 yards and was then denied by Cech late on.

Arsenal did not beat Chelsea during Jose Mourinho's entire tenure as Blues manager but have defeated Avram Grant's team at the first attempt.

Chelsea had gone 16 games without defeat in all competitions under Grant but now trail the Gunners by six points and United by five at the top of the league.

As with United's match at Liverpool earlier in the day, it was a tight game with little to choose between the teams.

But Arsenal showed a little more invention and ability on the break than Chelsea, who crucially lost John Terry to a suspected ligament injury after 38 minutes.

Even so, Chelsea should have equalised through Wright-Phillips, who scuffed his shot from six yards after Gallas had diverted a cross into his path midway through the second half.

Arsenal started brightly, their crisp passing and intelligent movement heavily in evidence as the home team looked for an early goal.

They had Cesc Fabregas, Mathieu Flamini and Alexander Hleb back in their line-up but Chelsea, with their five-man midfield, soon ensured that space and time on the ball was at a premium.

And it looked as though the first half would remain goalless before Gallas, playing against his old team, struck in time added on.

Chelsea had lost Terry after he failed to recover from a challenge by Emmanuel Eboue and, without the skipper's commanding presence in the box, Gallas was able to nudge Tal Ben Haim off the ball and convert Fabregas' corner.

But culpability for the goal lay with the normally reliable Cech, who came off his line to clear the corner but failed to make any meaningful contact with the ball.

Brazilian defender Alex had almost gifted Arsenal the lead earlier in the half when he tried to head the ball to Cech but only succeeded in looping it over the keeper and, thankfully for him, narrowly wide of the Chelsea goal.

It was a fractious game with plenty of niggle, two melees and 10 yellow cards.

Possession was surrendered far too cheaply for either team to find any kind of rhythm and for long spells it seemed to suit Chelsea, who forced first-half saves from Almunia with decent long-range strikes from Wright-Phillips and Shevchenko.

Almunia dived sharply to his right to prevent Obi from scoring his first goal of the season in the second half, while Wright-Phillips's horrible miss was a real let-off for the home team.

The game became increasingly stretched as Chelsea searched for an equaliser and Arsenal cut them open with a precise break that substitute Van Persie was unable to finish from 14 yards.

Van Persie had the ball in the net after another break but the goal was ruled out for offside and later saw another effort saved by Cech, who then denied Fabregas with a follow-up.

Shevchenko had a late chance for Chelsea with a free-kick but Almunia tipped the effort over his bar.

The final action saw Arsenal waste another chance on the break and Fabregas booked for a tackle on Ashley Cole, who was booed throughout the afternoon on his return to his former club.

---

Lineups:
Arsenal: Manuel Almunia; Bacary Sagna, Kolo Toure, William Gallas, Gael Clichy; Emmanuel Eboue, Tomas Rosicky, Mathieu Flamini, Cesc Fabregas, Alex Hleb; Emmanuel Adebayor

Chelsea: Petr Cech; Paolo Ferreira, John Terry, Alex, Ashley Cole; Mikel John Obi, Claude Makelele, Frank Lampard, Shaun Wright-Phillips; Joe Cole, Andriy Shevchenko

a 4-5-1 formation, with Alex Hleb playing just off of lone striker Emmanuel Adebayor as a not-yet-match-fit Robin van Persie watched from the bench until the 70th minute.

Chelsea, unlike the Gunners, were missing top scorer Didier Drogba and fellow African Michael Essien, and therefore played with Joe Cole partnering Andriy Shevchenko in an offensive 4-4-2 which Avram Grant had hoped would bring some beautiful flowing football to Chelsea's game.

Arsenal: Almunia, Sagna, Toure, Gallas, Clichy, Eboue (Van Persie 69), Flamini, Fabregas, Rosicky, Hleb (Silva 77), Adebayor (Bendtner 90).
Subs Not Used: Lehmann, Senderos.

Booked: Adebayor, Eboue, Flamini, Toure, Fabregas.

Goals: Gallas 45.

Chelsea: Cech, Ferreira, Alex, Terry (Ben-Haim 38), Ashley Cole, Wright-Phillips (Kalou 75), Obi, Makelele (Pizarro 65), Lampard, Joe Cole, Shevchenko.
Subs Not Used: Cudicini, Belletti.

Booked: Terry, Lampard, Joe Cole, Ben-Haim, Obi.

Att: 60,139

Ref: Alan Wiley (Staffordshire).

CHELSEA have been rocked by the news that John Terry has been ruled out for up to two months.

Doctors today confirmed that the England skipper has broken three bones in his right foot, including a metatarsal.

That is not just a blow for Blues boss Avram Grant, who now has to get their season back on track without his influential captain.

It also means Terry may well have to sit out Fabio Capello's first game in charge as England manager.

CRUNCH ... Eboue and Terry collide

The defender hobbled off during Sunday's 1-0 defeat at Arsenal after being injured in a challenge by Emmanuel Eboue.

X-rays have shown that Terry has broken the third metatarsal in his right foot, which is understood to be as bad as it can get.

A close friend said: "The doctors were surprised as they said it's very unusual to break that third metatarsal.

"It's more common for footballers to break the first or fifth metatarsal.

"The bad news is they say it will take longer to heal than normal.

Chelsea were not expecting such devastating news as an initial scan had failed to show the true extent of the damage.

Club doctor Bryan English said: "An X-ray taken in the Arsenal medical room straight after John left the field didn't show the injury.

"However, as is usual with mid-foot injuries, the fractures were revealed following scans, which were performed this afternoon.

"John will start his rehabilitation immediately with the Chelsea medical team and we will continue to monitor the injury."

Capello, who was unveiled as new England manager today, will make his Wembley bow with a friendly on February 6 against Switzerland.

But doctors believe that could come too soon for Terry to have recovered fully.

The third metatarsal bones are in the middle toe, which normally suffer injury through wear and tear rather than a clean break.

Wayne Rooney and Michael Owen have broken fifth metatarsals before and took at least six weeks LONGER for both players to get back into action than specialists originally predicted.

In 2004, Scott Parker broke a second metatarsal and although an eight-week absence was predicted, it was 34 weeks before he made a return.

After yesterday's game, Chelsea striker Salomon Kalou revealed that Eboue had apologised to Terry for the tackle.

He said: “I was saying to Eboue that it was a red card because he did it on purpose - but he denied that.

“He said he tried to block the ball and it was not on purpose. He said sorry to John.

"He didn’t mean to do it but to apologise was a nice thing to do. John will be a big loss and is very important to the squad.

"We will miss him and it will be difficult to do it without him but we have the players to do that.”

In February 2007 J0hn Terry was seriously injured

Famous Communicable English Disease

Metatarsal

JOHN TERRY has become the latest England ace to be struck down with the curse of the metatarsal.

Here SunSport looks at the previous Three Lions stars to have fallen foul of the injury and their eventual recovery periods.

April 2002 - DAVID BECKHAM broke his second metatarsal while playing in the Champions League for Manchester United against Deportivo La Coruna. He played at the World Cup three months later but it was clear he was unfit. Predicted: 6 weeks Return: 7 weeks later

April 2002 - Manchester United defender GARY NEVILLE broke his fifth metatarsal against Bayer Leverkusen, also in the Champions League, forcing him to miss the World Cup. Predicted: 6-8 weeks Return: 21 weeks later

May 2002 - DANNY MURPHY was drafted into the World Cup squad but fractured a metatarsal while training. Predicted: 6-8 weeks Return: 21 weeks later

June 2004 - WAYNE ROONEY broke his fifth metatarsal in England's quarter-final clash with Portugal at Euro 2004. Portugal eventually win on penalties. Predicted: 8 weeks Return: 14 weeks later

September 2004 - STEVEN GERRARD broke his fifth metatarsal in Liverpool's 2-1 defeat at Manchester United. Predicted: 6-8 weeks Return: 10 weeks later

December 2004 - SCOTT PARKER fractured his second metatarsal playing for Chelsea. Predicted: 8 weeks Return: 34 weeks later

October 2005 - ASHLEY COLE broke a metatarsal before England's World Cup qualifiers against Austria and Poland. Predicted: 6-8 weeks Return: 12 weeks later

December 2005 - MICHAEL OWEN broke a metatarsal bone in his foot when he collided with England team-mate Paul Robinson during Tottenham's clash with Newcastle at White Hart Lane. Predicted: 6-8 weeks Return: 17 weeks later

April 2006 - Tottenham defender LEDLEY KING damaged his metatarsal playing against Everton and, unlike Rooney, England decided not to risk him for the World Cup Predicted: 6 weeks Return: 8 weeks later

April 2006 - WAYNE ROONEY broke the fourth metatarsal of his right foot after tackle by Paulo Ferreria in league match with Chelsea. Returned in time for World Cup 2006 but lacked match fitness Predicted: 6 weeks Return: 8 weeks

Is this the best goal ever?

FOOTBALL is buzzing with one question right now ? has anyone ever netted a sweeter strike?

Fans of the beautiful game have been gasping in wonder at the cheeky crossed-kick effort by Peruvian Andres Vasquez.

It was the 19-year-old midfielder’s first league goal for Swedish side IFK Gothenburg and it is unlikely he will ever top it.

On Monday night he took the ball from an Orebro player, ran to the edge of the penalty area and, as the ball rolled, moved his left leg behind his right.

With the outside of his left boot he then chipped the ball sweetly into the top corner of the net.

The “crossed-kick” is known as a Rabona and Italian player Giovanni Roccotelli is credited with inventing it in the 1970s.

It has been demonstrated in England this season by Joe Cole and Cristiano Ronaldo.

Here's The video

Heavy Snow in Scotland buries a young Cow...........

Click in the picture to full view


This is a Photo of January 2007 from Scotland. Close ur eyes and picture the scene how many animals must be dying out there every year in snow! what the people care is just a human body.
Who gonna hear there help? when human gonna feel there pain......
Donno How many lives are this January 2008 going to take?

The motorcycle Dairies

Dear mom
Buenos Air is behind us
behind is as also the miserable life
the faculty, the exams and the dissertations
that make u sleepy
Before us lies all of latin America
From now on we will only trust in ''La Poderosa''

I wish you could see us. We look like adventurers
and inspire admiration and envy everywhere


I used to listen the bare feet splashing in the ship
'And had a feeling of the faces darkened by hunger
'' My heart was a pendulum between her and the street
'' I don't know with what strenght i freed myself from her eyes,
'' I broke away from her arms
She was left clouding with tears her anguish
''Behind the rain and the glass

Dear Mom... We are still hitting the road,
but to tell you the truth, the bike is less powerful every day
Money and food are scarce, but we manage to find opportunities to eat and sleep for free
Thanks to our secret weapon:
Alberto's infallible sweet talking

Dear Mom... what is it that's lost when you cross a border.
Each moment seems to be split in two
Melancholy for what was left behind and on the other hand all the enthusiam at entering new lands

Dear mom .........I knew i wouldn't be able to help that poor woman
That up to a month ago she had been serving tables, panting like me
trying to live with dignity
In those dying eyes, there was a humble request for excuses
And a desperate plea of consolation that gets lost in the emptiness
Just as her body will get lost very soon in the magnitude of the mystery
that surrounds us

Those eyes has a dark and tragic expression
They told us about some friends that had disappeared under mysterious circumstances
And that apparently ended up in some part on the bottom of the ocean
That was one of the coldest nights of my life
But meeting them made me feel closer to human kind.
Strange, so strange to me


When we left the mine, we felt reality was changing
.... or were we the ones changing
Going deeper and deeper into the mountain range
we found more natives that don't even have a rood in what used to be their own land
Finally we enter to Peru
Thanks toa truck driver half blind, Felix
i almost forgot........Today is Alberto's 30th birthday
but not in Venezuela, as he had envisioned
we were so tired, mom that we couldn't even celebrate
Finally we arrived to the heart of America
Cuzco.
after entering the city, we met Don Nestor
A very wise man, mom that ended up as our official guide

The Incas had a high knowledge of actronomy, medicine, math, among others
But the Spanish invaders had powder
how would America be today if things had been different?

How is it possible that i feel nostalgia for a world i never knew
How do you explain that a civilization capable of building this
is wiped out to build..........
.......is

running on 1.04.27.... Full time 1.55.04

to watch the On National geography
Trailer and stuff
For full movie
Click here

Some Info about the movie


In Time
Monday, June 14, 1999 (published on)
Che Guevara
Though communism may have lost its fire, he remains the potent symbol of rebellion and the alluring zeal of revolution
By ARIEL DORFMAN

By the time Ernesto Guevara, known to us as Che, was murdered in the jungles of Bolivia in October 1967, he was already a legend to my generation, not only in Latin America but also around the world.

Like so many epics, the story of the obscure Argentine doctor who abandoned his profession and his native land to pursue the emancipation of the poor of the earth began with a voyage. In 1956, along with Fidel Castro and a handful of others, he had crossed the Caribbean in the rickety yacht Granma on the mad mission of invading Cuba and overthrowing the dictator Fulgencio Batista. Landing in a hostile swamp, losing most of their contingent, the survivors fought their way to the Sierra Maestra. A bit over two years later, after a guerrilla campaign in which Guevara displayed such outrageous bravery and skill that he was named comandante, the insurgents entered Havana and launched what was to become the first and only victorious socialist revolution in the Americas. The images were thereafter invariably gigantic. Che the titan standing up to the Yanquis, the world's dominant power. Che the moral guru proclaiming that a New Man, no ego and all ferocious love for the other, had to be forcibly created out of the ruins of the old one. Che the romantic mysteriously leaving the revolution to continue, sick though he might be with asthma, the struggle against oppression and tyranny.

His execution in Vallegrande at the age of 39 only enhanced Guevara's mythical stature. That Christ-like figure laid out on a bed of death with his uncanny eyes almost about to open; those fearless last words ("Shoot, coward, you're only going to kill a man") that somebody invented or reported; the anonymous burial and the hacked-off hands, as if his killers feared him more after he was dead than when he had been alive: all of it is scalded into the mind and memory of those defiant times. He would resurrect, young people shouted in the late '60s; I can remember fervently proclaiming it in the streets of Santiago, Chile, while similar vows exploded across Latin America. !No lo vamos a olvidar! We won't let him be forgotten.

More than 30 years have passed, and the dead hero has indeed persisted in collective memory, but not exactly in the way the majority of us would have anticipated. Che has become ubiquitous: his figure stares out at us from coffee mugs and posters, jingles at the end of key rings and jewelry, pops up in rock songs and operas and art shows. This apotheosis of his image has been accompanied by a parallel disappearance of the real man, swallowed by the myth. Most of those who idolize the incendiary guerrilla with the star on his beret were born long after his demise and have only the sketchiest knowledge of his goals or his life. Gone is the generous Che who tended wounded enemy soldiers, gone is the vulnerable warrior who wanted to curtail his love of life lest it make him less effective in combat and gone also is the darker, more turbulent Che who signed orders to execute prisoners in Cuban jails without a fair trial.


Cuban revolutionary leader Ernesto "Che" Guevara at Havana airport in 1962

This erasure of complexity is the normal fate of any icon. More paradoxical is that the humanity that worships Che has by and large turned away from just about everything he believed in. The future he predicted has not been kind to his ideals or his ideas. Back in the '60s, we presumed that his self-immolation would be commemorated by social action, the downtrodden rising against the system and creating — to use Che's own words — two, three, many Vietnams. Thousands of luminous young men, particularly in Latin America, followed his example into the hills and were slaughtered there or tortured to death in sad city cellars, never knowing that their dreams of total liberation, like those of Che, would not come true. If Vietnam is being imitated today, it is primarily as a model for how a society forged in insurrection now seeks to be actively integrated into the global market. Nor has Guevara's uncompromising, unrealistic style of struggle, or his ethical absolutism, prevailed. The major revolutions of the past quarter-century (South Africa, Iran, the Philippines, Nicaragua), not to mention the peaceful transitions to democracy in Latin America, East Asia and the communist world, have all entailed negotiations with former adversaries, a give and take that could not be farther from Che's unyielding demand for confrontation to the death. Even someone like Subcomandante Marcos, the spokesman for the Chiapas Maya revolt, whose charisma and moral stance remind us of Che's, does not espouse his hero's economic or military theories.

How to understand, then, Che Guevara's pervasive popularity, especially among the affluent young?

Perhaps in these orphaned times of incessantly shifting identities and alliances, the fantasy of an adventurer who changed countries and crossed borders and broke down limits without once betraying his basic loyalties provides the restless youth of our era with an optimal combination, grounding them in a fierce center of moral gravity while simultaneously appealing to their contemporary nomadic impulse. To those who will never follow in his footsteps, submerged as they are in a world of cynicism, self-interest and frantic consumption, nothing could be more vicariously gratifying than Che's disdain for material comfort and everyday desires. One might suggest that it is Che's distance, the apparent impossibility of duplicating his life anymore, that makes him so attractive. And is not Che, with his hippie hair and wispy revolutionary beard, the perfect postmodern conduit to the nonconformist, seditious '60s, that disruptive past confined to gesture and fashion? Is it conceivable that one of the only two Latin Americans to make it onto TIME's 100 most important figures of the century can be comfortably transmogrified into a symbol of rebellion precisely because he is no longer dangerous?

I wouldn't be too sure. I suspect that the young of the world grasp that the man whose poster beckons from their walls cannot be that irrelevant, this secular saint ready to die because he could not tolerate a world where los pobres de la tierra, the displaced and dislocated of history, would be eternally relegated to its vast margins.

Even though I have come to be wary of dead heroes and the overwhelming burden their martyrdom imposes on the living, I will allow myself a prophecy. Or maybe it is a warning. More than 3 billion human beings on this planet right now live on less than $2 a day. And every day that breaks, 40,000 children — more than one every second! — succumb to diseases linked to chronic hunger. They are there, always there, the terrifying conditions of injustice and inequality that led Che many decades ago to start his journey toward that bullet and that photo awaiting him in Bolivia.

The powerful of the earth should take heed: deep inside that T shirt where we have tried to trap him, the eyes of Che Guevara are still burning with impatience.

Ariel Dorfman holds the Walter Hines Page Chair at Duke University. His latest novel is The Nanny and the Iceberg

source

movies review

on

fipresci

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Project - C (International Marketing)

Business College
AP Degree in Marketing Management


Manual
Project C

2nd semester


November 07
1 Aim of the project 3
1.1 Professional aims 3
1.2 Method aim 3
1.3 Aims of the project work 3
2 Topic for project C 3
3 Requirements for the project 3
3.1 Formal requirements 3
3.2 Requirements for format/extent, table of contents, source index, quotes: 3
3.2.1 Format and extent 3
3.2.2 Table of contents 3
3.2.3 Source index 3
3.2.4 Quotes 3
3.3 Requirements for content 3
4 Establishment of groups 3
5 Guidance (tutoring) 3
6 Presentation of the projects 3
7 Evaluation of the project 3
8 Activities 3
9 Sign-up sheet for Project C December 2007 3


1 Aim of the project

Project C marks the end of the second semester and thereby the first year of the AP degree programme in Marketing Management. The overall aim of this interdisciplinary project is to include the levels that have been reached in all subjects so far. It is also supposed to offer you an overview of how the various subjects are connected.

The semester theme is ”Market and society”
The aim of the theme of the second semester is to offer you a general view of the role of the individual and the business in a society with several networks and groupings, as well as a view of the various markets and market segments of the world and their needs. This aim is of course also reflected in the specialist part of the project.


1.1 Professional aims

You must work with the elements that are a part of an export market analysis for a specific company, ROCKWOOL A/S
A strategic analysis with focus on the export problems; a desk research analysis of an existing or potential export market for one the company’s product areas; a quantification of the chosen market’s potential.
You must be skilled in using argumentation techniques that are supposed to help you in strengthening your presentations, perception etc.
Furthermore you should develop the tools given in project management and personal development, among other things project management and group processes.
You must display your presentation skills when you present your project.
You must produce an Executive Summary (in English) to offer an overview of the project to an outside reader.

1.2 Method aim

You must be able to produce a specific and focused problem statement
You must consider method - you must produce a problem statement and use specific tools for problem clarification and problem solving
You must continue developing a project report – it must meet with the standards set for a project report at a higher education level
You must work with an “Executive Summary”


1.3 Aims of the project work

You must develop and gain even greater experience in meeting techniques, including summary reports
You must plan and take advantage of the guidance offered
As an appendix you must produce documentation for your management of time and content of the project
You must put together a project group and be able to control the process




2 Topic for project C

Based on a strategic analysis of a company, you must produce an analysis of an existing or potential export market for one of the company’s products or product areas. The company and market will be chosen by your supervisors.

In your market analysis the following must be included:
A Macro analysis (for instance PEST)
Analysis of demand
- must contain: a quantification of the potential market for the product/product area (how much can be sold – quantity and monetary)
- can contain: a segmentation, target group and purchase behaviour
Analysis of supply must contain:
- an analysis of the line of business or an analysis of the individual competitors’ strategies, including an assessment of the expected development.
Producing suggestions for a realistic goal for the next 1-2 years (realistically, seen from the company’s point of view, as well as from an assessment of the market).
Based on the goal, company and market analysis you must furthermore establish the most important tasks and focus areas for the company before an actual marketing plan is made. An outline for a parameter strategy should therefore not be made.

The external part of the analysis must be carried out through desk research / secondary data.


3 Requirements for the project

In the project there are demands regarding formalities, content, group work, use of guidance and self-evaluation.


3.1 Formal requirements

The written part of the project must meet with all the requirements and formalities that are normally in effect at projects at university level. This means that:

You must observe the following guidelines regarding front page, table of contents, source index, appendices, spacing, number of lines per page, letter size and number of pages:

· There must be page numbering throughout the project, including appendices
· Use footnotes for source reference in the project. Remember: always page reference to facilitate retrieval of further information.
· Source indication is essential to the assessment of the validity and credibility of the information.
· The entire project can be rejected if it is not”amply” supplied with source references.
· All tables and figures must be marked with figure/table number and a headline, which is clearly related to the content. The source and page number should be stated at the bottom of the page.
· A table or figure may not be left without a context. It must be clearly stated by the text which role it has in the assignment.

3.2 Requirements for format/extent, table of contents, source index, quotes:

3.2.1 Format and extent

· 1 copy of the project must be handed in.
· The format must be A4
· Right and left margin 2,5
· Margin top/bottom 2,0
· Spacing must be 1 1/2.

The project must not exceed 20 pages excl. front page, table of contents, source index and appendices. 10% should be allocated for an”Executive Summary”. Regarding the number of appendices – it is (in principle) unlimited but in the evaluation of the project emphasis will be put on ONLY appendices of great relevance to the project being included.


3.2.2 Table of contents

The project must contain a table of contents, which indicates the structure of main, and sub sections, source index, as well as appendices. Page numbers should also be indicated in the table of contents.

3.2.3 Source index

The source index is placed after the project’s conclusion and before appendices.

The project must contain a source/note reference system, which ensures that the reader is always given – and will be able to find – the sources of statements, tables or models.

The source index must contain:

· A list of literature where the individual books are stated in alphabetical order by last name of “first mentioned” writer. Then title, publisher/place, edition and year.
· A list of used sources from the Internet (www) with an indication of date for the find.
· A list of periodicals, name, year, number and page(s).
· A report list with the institutions or organisation’s name, title and page in the mentioned order.
· Material from the company with indication of the report’s name, author and date.
· Interviews, conversations, meetings etc. with indication of contacts, titles and dates of meetings.





3.2.4 Quotes

Literature quotes may not exceed 100 words. All quotes and information must have a source reference.

It is not allowed to hand in written work which is entirely or in part other parties’ written work without a clear indication through citation marks and source references. It is equally not allowed to use projects from other schools or earlier projects (total or partial copying). If you do not live up to these demands then the project will be rejected and you will be expelled from the school.



3.3 Requirements for content

An explanation of the choice of market/line of business.
A carefully considered use of numbered sections.
An ”Executive Summary” including all the most important elements of the project – in order to enable an outsider to understand your project/analyses/assessments and conclusions. The summary must be in English.
A problem statement (focus on what will be analysed and answered)
A method section: Here you will account for the structure of the project, choice of methods, as well as the considerations you have made in relation to the choice of method. In other words: In the problem statement you explain what will be analysed. In the method section you will explain how it will be analysed.
If needed, a limitation (markets, products, time horizons etc.)
Source criticism – a description and evaluation of the source material in relation to your use of the sources.
Stating sources continuously throughout the project, as well as in a source index at the end of the project.
Relevant sub-conclusions and a conclusion at the end.
Footnotes – precise source references – for the reader to be able to find the source and read what is being referred to.
Establish a group and evaluate the process.
Appendices that focus on your own learning progress throughout the project including an evaluation of your co-operation agreement.


4 Establishment of groups

The students will form groups of 4-5 students. If individual students are not in groups at the hand-in deadline then a group will be allocated by the administration.

Before the groups commence their work co-operation agreements must be made.


In the co-operation agreement the following should be indicated:
The group’s work approach
The group’s working hours (project work)
Handling of deadlines
Absence/illness

The co-operation agreement must be brought to the first session with your ”tutor” (During week 50) and will be discussed as the first item on the agenda.

5 Guidance (tutoring)

One tutor will be assigned to each group.

6 Presentation of the projects

After handing in of the written report the group must prepare a presentation of the project work. The presentation will take place in a “class room”; you must present your work to your tutor.

Each group will do a 10-minute oral presentation of the project. The following applies to the presentation:
Use of AV-aids is compulsory – for instance, flip-over charts, black board, overhead, posters, PowerPoint etc.
Illustrations should be prepared for the presentation by the group (photographic or electronic copies of books, homepages etc. should not be used)
Structure in the presentation – the group’s effort and the individual’s effort should point towards a common goal.
The transitions between the individual presentations are planned and rehearsed.
All group members must participate actively at the presentation.

7 Evaluation of the project

The tutor will give each group oral feedback after the presentation (10 minutes). The project and the presentation will be evaluated as passed/not passed. In the overall evaluation the oral presentation accounts for 20%. If the project cannot be passed in the first attempt then the further steps will be agreed upon with the tutor.



8 Activities





Activities Date
The Manual will be available in BB 3rd December 2007
Forming of groups 3rd to 5th December 2007, 12 o’clock
Assignment of tutor and geographical market in BB
6th December 2007 at 2.30 p.m.

Tutor meeting(s) During week 50

Project period
Week 50

Hand in one copy of your project in a box arranged on the counter in building 1
Be aware that all members of the group have a copy of the project.
An “Executive Summary” must be included in the project.
Remember name of all group members as well as the name of your tutor 14th December 2007 at 1.00 p.m.

Presentation and Feedback on your project

Week 51, the tutor will give you the exact time.

9 Sign-up sheet for Project C December 2007


Class Name of the groups members E-mail address:




The sign-up sheet must be handed-in at the administration office in building 1 no later than 5th December 2007 at 12 o’clock.

FIGURE 2: ESTIMATED ANNUAL CRASH COSTS

FIGURE 2: ESTIMATED ANNUAL CRASH COSTS

Source: Jacobs G, Aeron-Thomas A, Astrop A. Estimating global road fatalities, TRL, 2000

FIGURE 3: PREDICTED ROAD TRAFFIC FATALITIES

Source: Kropits E, Cropper M. Traffic Fatalities & Economic Growth, 2003

BOX 1:
The Impact of Crashes on the Poor Research conducted by the Transport Research Laboratory (TRL)* on behalf of the Global Road Safety Partnership (GRSP) in Bangladesh and Bangalore (India) in 2004 focused on the involvement and impact of road crashes on the poor, in comparison with the
non-poor, in both urban and rural areas.

The study found that, while the poor were not consistently at greater risk from road death and serious injury, many of the poor households identified were not poor before the death or serious injury caused by a road crash. The poor victims contributed most to their household’s earnings (average 62% in urban areas
and 42% in rural areas), and the loss of income tipped many households into poverty.

Breadwinners were most at risk. Among both poor and non-poor households, the most common road death was a male in prime of life (16-45 years). One in every 4 deaths and 1 in 6 serious injuries to the poor involved a child (under 16 years). The poor are killed and seriously injured mainly as vulnerable road users (pedestrians, motorcyclists and cyclists).

The surveys also found that many more people, both poor and non-poor, are being killed and seriously injured in road crashes than police data indicate. In Bangladesh the actual number of road deaths is estimated to be four times more, and serious injuries almost 75 times more, than shown in police statistics. In Bangalore the police report 10 injuries (both serious and slight) for every road death. Yet the urban survey found substantially more – particularly amongst the non-poor. The Indian Government’s Planning Commission estimates that there are 15 hospitalised injuries and 70 minor injuries for every road death.

As well as loss of earnings, poor households paid a significant proportion of their household income on funerals (almost 3 months’ income in urban areas) and medical costs (4 months’ income in rural areas).

In Bangalore, the majority of poor households reported at least one person having to give up working or studying to care for the injured. The poor injured also had less job security, and fewer were able to return to their previous job. The rural poor in Bangladesh took longer to find a new job. The consequence of a fatal crash or serious injury for more than 7 out of 10 poor families in Bangladesh was that food consumption decreased as a result of the lower household income.

The burden from road crashes tips many households into poverty. In Bangalore 71% (urban) and 53% (rural) of poor households were not poor before the fatal crash. In Bangladesh the figures were 33% (urban) and 49% (rural) for bereaved households.
The involvement and impact of road crashes on the poor’, Aeron-Thomas et al, 2004; Study commissioned from TRL by GRSP with funding from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) and TRL. The report is available at www.grsproadsafety.org

source :
makeroadssafe.org
http://www.makeroadssafe.org/documents/make_roads_safe_low_res.pdf

FIGURE 1: ROAD TRAFFIC INJURY MORTALITY RATES (PER 100 000 POPULATION), 2002

FIGURE 1: ROAD TRAFFIC INJURY MORTALITY RATES
(PER 100 000 POPULATION), 2002


Click over the picture to enlarge

Source: World Report on road traffic injury prevention, 2004

Worldwide, more than half of road traffic casualties
are in the 15-44 age group, the key wage earning and
child raising age group. In Kenya, for example, more
than 75% of road traffic casualties are amongst economically
active young adults4. The loss of the main
wage earner and head of household due to death or
disability can be disastrous, leading to lower living
standards and poverty, in addition to the human cost
of bereavement.
A recent study in Bangladesh and India examined the
direct economic impact of road traffic crashes resulting
in death or serious injury on individual urban and
rural households (Box 1). The study shows that road
deaths often act as a trigger for poverty. The majority
of households suffering a road death see a decline in
household income after the crash. For those families
in a precarious economic position, a road crash can
be the unexpected event that topples them below the
poverty line.
Road traffic crashes can also disproportionately affect
the poorest groups in society. In low and middle
income countries poor people are usually vulnerable
road users (pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists).
They are at particular risk from the greater variety and
intensity of traffic mix and the lack of separation from
other road users. Slow moving and non motorised
modes have to share road space with fast moving vehicles,
leading to increased conflict and risk. In Kenya,
pedestrians and passengers in mass transportation
accounted for 80% of all fatalities5, and in Mumbai,
India, 78% of road fatalities were pedestrians6.
As vulnerable road users, children are at particular
risk. Children in low and middle income countries are
much more likely than children in high income countries
to be involved in a road crash. In South Africa,for example, more than 26 child deaths per 100,000
population occur as a result of road traffic crashes
compared to 1.7 per 100,000 population in the EU as
a whole7. Overall, 96% of child road fatalities occur in
low and middle income countries8. Peter Adamson,
senior adviser to UNICEF, warns of the consequences
of failing to act on road traffic injuries: “Without
being alarmist you can see that there will be millions
of young children killed on the roads of the world in
the years ahead. There is so much that could be done
by developing countries at their current stage of economic
development, and it could prevent so much
misery and tragedy. It would be outrageous if it were
allowed to continue in the years ahead”9.
Indeed, unless there is concerted action, the World
Bank expects global road fatalities to increase by
more than 65% between 2000 and 2020, with different
trends across regions of the world. Fatalities are
predicted to increase by more than 80% in low and
middle income countries, but to decrease by nearly
30% in high income countries (Figure 3), a widening
gap between the road safety rich and the road safety
poor.

A Global Public Health Crisis

A Global Public Health Crisis
Requiring a Global Response

Road traffic injuries are a hidden global epidemic affecting millions of human lives and costing billions of dollars in economic costs every year. They are a particular burden on the poorest people and countries.

A hidden epidemic of deaths and injuries from road traffic crashes is growing in the world today. The World Health Organization estimates that, each year, almost 1.2 million people die in road crashes worldwide and as many as 50 million are injured or disabled. Every month a silent tsunami wave of road traffic crashes sweeps away 100,000 lives. For developing countries
in particular, road traffic deaths and injuries represent a serious and rapidly worsening public health crisis.

More than eighty five per cent of all road traffic deaths and injuries occur in low income and middle income countries. The injury/mortality rates per 100,000 population differ by region (Fig 1) with Africa enduring the world’s highest rates per population and most dangerous roads, but South East Asia experiencing the highest number of actual fatalities and injuries and the highest predicted growth in road traffic injuries.

Road traffic deaths and injuries (RTIs) impose a huge economic burden on developing economies, amounting to 1-2% of GNP in most countries (Figure 2). These costs, some $64.5 billion1 - $100 billion2, are comparable with the total bilateral overseas aid contributed by the industrialised countries, which amounted to $106.5 billion in 20053. These estimates take account only of the direct economic costs – mainly lost productivity – rather than the full social costs often recognised by industrialised countries. There is also the direct impact on health services, with road traffic victims accounting for almost half the hospital bed occupancy in surgical wards in some low income and middle income countries.

Just read this!!!!!!

If your father is a poor man,
it is your fate but,
if your father-in-law is a poor man,
it's your stupidity.

I was born intelligent -
education ruined me.

Practice makes perfect.....
But nobody's perfect......
so why practice?

If it's true that we are here to help others,
then what exactly are the others here for?

Since light travels faster than sound,
people appear bright until you hear them speak.

Money is not everything.
There's Mastercard & Visa.

Every Man should marry.
After all, happiness is not the only thing in
life.

The wise never marry.
and when they marry they become otherwise.

Success is a relative term.
It brings so many relatives.

Never put off the work till tomorrow
what you can put off today.

"Your future depends on your dreams"
So go to sleep ppl... lol

There should be a better way to start a day
Than waking up every morning

"Hard work never killed anybody"
But why take the risk

The more you learn, the more you know,
The more you know, the more you forget

~~~~~********~~~~~

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